Pseudechis Porphyriacus Snake Venom (Red-Bellied Black Snake Venom)

Description

Pseudechis Porphyriacus Snake Venom | Red-Bellied Black Snake Venom:

Pseudechis Porphyriacus Snake Venom | Red-Bellied Black Snake Venom is extracted from a snake called Pseudechis Porphyriacus.

More details about Pseudechis Porphyriacus Snake Venom | Red-Bellied Black Snake Venom:

The venom contains neurotoxins, myotoxins, and coagulants and has haemolytic properties. Victims can also lose their sense of smell.

Taxonomic Classification:

About Pseudechis Porphyriacus Snake:

The red-bellied black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae, indigenous to Australia.

Originally described by George Shaw in 1794 as a species new to science, it is one of eastern Australia’s most commonly encountered snakes.

Averaging around 1.25 m (4 ft 1 in) in length, it has glossy black upperparts, bright red or orange flanks, and a pink or dull red belly. It is not aggressive and generally retreats from human encounters, but can attack if provoked.

Taxonomy:

The red-bellied black snake was first described and named by English naturalist George Shaw in Zoology of New Holland (1794) as Coluber porphyriacus.

Incorrectly assuming it was harmless and not venomous, he wrote, “This beautiful snake, which appears to be unprovided with tubular teeth or fangs, and consequently not of a venomous nature, is three, sometimes four, feet in nature.”

The species name is derived from the Greek porphyrous, which can mean “dark purple”, “red-purple” or “beauteous”. It was the first Australian elapid snake described.

The syntype is presumed lost.

Description:

The red-bellied black snake has a glossy black top body with a light-grey snout and brown mouth, and a completely black tail.

It lacks a well-defined neck; its head merges seamlessly into the body.

Its flanks are bright red or orange, fading to pink or dull red on the belly.

All these scales have black margins. Snakes from northern populations tend to have lighter, more cream or pink bellies.

The red-bellied black snake is on average around 1.25 m (4 ft 1 in) long, the largest individual recorded at 2.55 m (8 ft 4 in). Males are generally slightly larger than females.

A large 2 m (6 ft 7 in) specimen caught in Newcastle has been estimated to weigh around 10 kg (22 lb). The red-bellied black snake can have a strong smell, which some field experts have used to find the snakes in the wild.

Scalation:

The number and arrangement of scales on a snake’s body are a key element of identification to species level.

The red-bellied black snake has 17 rows of dorsal scales at midbody, 180 to 215 ventral scales, 48 to 60 subcaudal scales (the anterior—and sometimes all—subcaudals are undivided), and a divided anal scale. There are two anterior and two posterior temporal scales, and the rostral shield is roughly square-shaped.

Distribution and habitat:

Behaviour:

Red-bellied black snakes can hide in many places in their habitat, including logs, old mammal burrows, and grass tussocks. They can flee into water and hide there; one was reported as staying submerged for 23 minutes.

When swimming, they may hold their full head or the nostrils above the water’s surface.

At times, they may float without moving on the water surface, thus looking like a stick. Within their habitat, red-bellied black snakes appear to have ranges or territories with which they are familiar and generally remain within.

The red-bellied black snake is generally not an aggressive species, typically withdrawing when approached.

It is generally active by day, though nighttime activity has occasionally been recorded.

When not hunting or basking, it may be found beneath timber, rocks, and rubbish or down holes and burrows.

Snakes are active when their body temperatures are between 28 and 31 °C (82 and 88 °F).

Reproduction:

In spring, male red-bellied black snakes often engage in ritualised combat for 2 to 30 minutes, even attacking other males already mating with females.

They wrestle vigorously, but rarely bite, and engage in head-pushing contests, where each snake tries to push his opponent’s head downward with his chin.

The male seeks out a female and rubs his chin on her body, and may twitch, hiss, and rarely bite as he becomes aroused.

The female indicates readiness to mate by straightening out and allowing their bodies to align. Pregnancy takes place any time from early spring to late summer.

Feeding:

The diet of red-bellied black snakes primarily consists of frogs, but they also prey on reptiles and small mammals. They also eat other snakes, commonly eastern brown snakes and even their own species.

Fish are hunted in water. Red-bellied black snakes may hunt on or under the water surface, and prey can be eaten underwater or brought to the surface.

Conservation and threats:

The red-bellied black snake is considered to be a least-concern species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Its preferred habitat has been particularly vulnerable to urban development and is highly fragmented, and a widespread decline in frogs, which are its preferred prey, has occurred. Snake numbers appear to have declined.

Feral cats are known to prey on red-bellied black snakes, while young snakes presumably are taken by laughing kookaburras (Dacelo novaeguineae), brown falcons (Falco berigora), and other raptors.

Captivity:

One of the snakes commonly kept as pets in Australia, the red-bellied black snake adapts readily to captivity and lives on a supply of mice, though it can also survive on fish fillets, chicken, and dog food

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