Hoplocephalus Stephensii Venom (Stephens’ Banded Snake Venom)

Description

Hoplocephalus Stephensii Venom | Stephens’ Banded Snake Venom:

Hoplocephalus Stephensii Venom | Stephens’ Banded Snake Venom is extracted from a snake called Hoplocephalus Stephensii.

More details about Hoplocephalus Stephensii Venom | Stephens’ Banded Snake Venom:

The Stephens’ Banded snake has been described as a ready biter with their subsequent envenoming being potentially fatal.

The venom of Hoplocephalus stephensii is a procoagulant and has typically been described as exhibiting a Defibrination-type coagulopathy in patients.

Therefore, envenomation will result in a reaction known as venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC). Systemic symptoms of VICC include; nausea and headaches, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea as well as diaphoresis.

Taxonomic Classification:

About Hoplocephalus Stephensii Snake:

Stephens’ banded snake (Hoplocephalus stephensii) is a species of highly venomous tree snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to Australia.

Taxonomy:

Gerard Krefft described Hoplocephalus stephensii as a species new to science in 1869. The specific name stephensii, is in honour of Australian academic William John Stephens.

Description:

This species of snake grows up to 1 meter in length, with some specimens having been recorded being an upwards of 120cm long.

The Stephens’ Banded snake is the largest species within the Hoplocephalus genus, weighing up to 250g as an adult. On average, the females of this species are larger than males.

This slight sexual dimorphism is an adaptation that likely improves the reproductive capabilities of females.

The Anterior scalation of Stephens’ banded snake consists of 21 rows of midbody scales, 220 to 250 ventral scales and their singular subcaudal scales can range between 50-70 scales from the anal plate to the tip of the tail.

This species has a singular anal plate that covers its cloacal opening. The Ventral scales of the Hoplocephalus genus differs from other elapids as they have lateral notches along the caudal border of each of these scales.

This adaptation aids with gripping onto branches whilst climbing. Additionally, the occipital scales on the head of this snake are elongated.

Distribution and habitat:

The Stephens’ Banded snake is endemic to the east coast of Australia. The distribution of these snakes spans from its northern most range in the Kroombit tops of south-eastern Queensland down to the Gosford Area of New South Wales.

Within this coastal range, the species is typically restricted to high-rainfall remnant forest regions, secluded from human intervention.

The Stephens’ Banded snake can be found up to an altitude of 950m above sea level within their geographical range. Studies on the habitat preferences of This species has found that they prefer to reside around 20 metres high in canopy trees.

Genetics:

Genetic research pertaining to the molecular phylogeny of the Hoplocephalus genus has revealed that Stephens’ Banded snakes displays up to 2.6–3.1% in genetic divergence with The Broad-Headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides), making these two coastal species the most closely related within the genus.

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