Crotalus Adamanteus Venom (Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Venom)

Geographic range:

The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is found in the Southeastern United States from southeastern North Carolina, south along the coastal plain through peninsular Florida to the Florida Keys, and west along the Gulf Coast through southern Alabama and Mississippi to southeastern Louisiana.

The original description for the species does not include a type locality, although Schmidt (1953) proposed it be restricted to “Charleston, South Carolina” (USA).

Conservation status:

This snake species is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List (v3.1, 2001).

Species are listed as such owing to their wide distribution or presumed large population, or because they are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.

The population trend was down when assessed in 2007.

In North Carolina, the eastern diamondback rattlesnake is protected by state law and considered endangered within the state.

It is likely extirpated in Louisiana, having last been observed there in 1995. In fact some scientists and conservationists believe it may even be extirpated in North Carolina, having last been observed there in the early 1990s.

Habitat:

The eastern diamondback rattlesnake inhabits upland dry pine forest, pine and palmetto flatwoods, sandhills and coastal maritime hammocks, longleaf pine/turkey oak habitats, grass-sedge marshes and swamp forest,

cypress swamps, mesic hammocks, sandy mixed woodlands, xeric hammocks, and salt marshes, as well as wet prairies during dry periods.

In many areas, it seems to use burrows made by gophers and gopher tortoises during the summer and winter.^[13]

Behavior:

The eastern diamondback rattlesnake frequently shelters by tunneling in gopher and tortoise burrows, emerging in the early morning or afternoon to bask.

Like most rattlesnakes, this species is terrestrial and not adept at climbing.

However, it has on occasion been reported in bushes and trees, apparently in search of prey. Even large specimens have been spotted as high as 10 m (33 ft) above the ground.

It is also known to be an excellent swimmer.

Specimens have often been spotted crossing stretches of water between barrier islands and the mainland off the Georgia coast, in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Florida Keys, sometimes miles from land.

Feeding:

The eastern diamondback rattlesnake forages actively or lies in ambush for small mammals, especially rabbits and rice rats (Oryzomys).

The diet also includes birds. Prey is struck and released, after which the snake follows the scent trail left by the dying prey.

Reproduction:

Rattlesnakes, including the eastern diamondback, are ovoviviparous.

Gestation lasts six or seven months and broods average about a dozen young. However, the young only stay with the mother 10–20 days before they set off on their own to hunt and find cover

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