Austrelaps Labialis Venom (Pygmy Copperhead Venom)

Description

Austrelaps Labialis Venom | Pygmy Copperhead Venom:

Austrelaps Labialis Venom | Pygmy Copperhead Venom is extracted from a snake called Austrelaps Labialis.

More details about Austrelaps Labialis Venom | Pygmy Copperhead Venom:

Taxonomic Classification:

About Austrelaps Labialis Snake:

The pygmy copperhead (Austrelaps labialis) is an Australian venomous elapid snake species found on Kangaroo Island and the Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia.

It is from the Austrelaps genus along with two other species of copperhead, the Highland and Lowland copperhead snakes.

Adult pygmy copperhead snakes grow to an average of 80 cm (31 in) making it the smallest of Australian copperheads. It preys on small reptiles and frogs.

Their bite is considered possibly lethal but they are unlikely to attack unless stepped on or purposely provoked.

They are not considered to be in need of conservation.

Taxonomy:

The pygmy copperhead was first described as the Alecto Labialis by Giorgio Jan in 1859.

This name was also briefly given to the White-lipped Snake in 1873 by Jan and associate Ferdinando Sordelli.

It was formerly included in Austrelaps superbus which, at the time, also included the highland and lowland copperhead snakes under the same name.

The three species were officially separated in 1991 in a publication from P. A. Rawlinson, detailing key differences in appearance, distribution and behaviour between each type.

This publication renames the pygmy copperhead to Austrelaps labialis, with Austrelaps superbus remaining the name for the highland copperhead.

Description:

The pygmy copperhead is the smallest of Australian copperhead snakes.

It is expected for the males to grow to a larger size than the females, but the pygmy copperhead’s ratio is more marked than most other snake species.

On average, the adult male snake reaches 80 cm (31.5 in) in length, with larger specimens reaching 120 cm (47.2 in) long.

The total length the snake can reach has been debated, with previous publications and research only finding specimens of 60 cm, 70 cm and 85 cm.

Distribution and habitat:

The pygmy copperhead is endemic to Australia and restricted to a small section of South Australia (state), particularly Kangaroo Island and immediately adjacent mainland within the Fleurieu Peninsula and the Mount Lofty Ranges.

The limited area is characteristically moist, with an average yearly rainfall of 600–800 mm (23.6–31.5 in) and milder summer temperatures, 23–25 °C (73.4–77.0 °F).

They are found living in concentrated numbers near streams, in swamps, marshland and open sclerophyll woodlands and forests.

The cold temperatures in these areas are notably too low for many other reptilian species.

Behaviour and relationship with humans:

The pygmy copperhead is a common species but rarely seen.

It is generally unobtrusive, commonly hiding under leaf litter, old iron and haystacks.

The lowland and highland species can be potentially dangerous, but being smaller, the pygmy is not known for being aggressive. They are all considered non-threatening unless provoked.

Combat between males signifies sexual maturity in snakes, but it has not been observed in pygmy copperheads, despite the lowland and highland species exhibiting at two years of age.

Feeding:

Being carnivorous, the pygmy copperhead’s diet consists of smaller ectotherms, most commonly including small lizards, frogs and tadpoles.

They are known to feed more frequently than highland and lowland copperheads.

There have also been reports of cannibalism in the pygmy copperheads.

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